THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO CARRY
OUT A STUDY ON THE CAUSES OF FIRE ACCIDENT IN ONDO TOWN OF ONDO STATE.
ABSTRACT
Fire accident in buildings is a threatening
one now a day. These accidents create heavy lives and property losses. To find
the reasons, frequency and giving protection to all type of buildings became
challenges to the professionals. In this study, the researcher try to
investigate the major causes effect and prevention of fire accident using Ondo
town in ondo state as a study area, the methods and instruments used in
gathering data are structural interview, observation, text books, news peppers
and also questionnaires, a total number of 40 questionnaires were sent and
among the people living in Ondo town of Ondo state Nigeria.
1.0 INTRODUCTION.
Fire or combustion is the process of burning.
It is a chemical reaction initiated by presence of heat energy in which a
substance combines with oxygen in the air and the process is accompanied by
emission of energy in the form of heat, light and sound. We know that the Continuation
of fire needs continuous supply of heat, fuel and oxygen in the buildings.
Therefore we must concentrate about these three factors. The supply of oxygen
is common and continuous from the atmosphere;
Fire Accident is an unplanned or unexpected
event in the building environment. The second factor of fire causes, or sources
of ignition in buildings are of two types, the first one is human error type
fire, and the second one is appliances type fire. The human error type’s fires
are children playing with matches, rubbish burning, smoking and intentional
fire. The appliances types’ fires are electrical appliances, gas appliances,
other fuel appliances, acetylene and liquefied gas, solid fuel appliances and
other specified causes fire. The survey and study reveals that human error
types fire are the main causes of fire in the buildings. The modern
materialized society all activities depends on fuel consumption and energy
utilization based, most of the energy utilization processes are fire based.
This fire based activities has become the main source of fire accident in
buildings for most of the time. The third factor of fuel supply based on the
nature, quantity and the arrangement of fire load or the combustible materials,
which is stored in side of the building. The type of fire and its severity,
spread depends on the thermal behaviour of the combust materials and the way it
is burning. The quantity of fuel expressed in terms of fire load, the fire load
is calculated by the sum of calorific value of all combustible materials with
the volume of the building. In practice, if the volume of the building is high
the fire load is also will high which gives a huge threatening value. The fire
load distribution is continuous in the building; the fire will be propagating
from one end to the other end of the fire load. From ancient scriptures to till
date fire is the earliest source of energy and good friend of humanity, if it
is in controllable limit it is applicable for all purposes, but if it is
exceeds the controllable limit, it will become envious enemy and it will
creates heavy lives and property losses in life.
Property loss is the direct consumption of
combustible materials by fire flame ,but the lives lose are occurring not only
by the fire flame but also by heat, smoke, fumes and other toxic substances
which are discussed here.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
On
this day in 1933, a devastating forest fire is sparked in the Coast Range
Mountains, located in northern Oregon, 50 miles west of Portland. Raging for 11
days over some 267,000 acres, the blaze began a series of fires that struck the
region at six-year intervals until 1951 that became known collectively as the
Tillamook Burn.
The
first Tillamook Burn fire—which began around noon on August 14, 1933—was
sparked in a logging operation located on the slopes above the North Fork of
Gales Creek, west of the town of Forest Grove. An official investigation of the
fire found that it stemmed from friction produced when loggers dragged a large
Douglas-fir log across a downed tree, igniting a large amount of logging debris
in the area. Weather conditions—including an unusually high temperature of 104
degrees Fahrenheit, with only 20 percent humidity—helped ignite and spread the
blaze, and within an hour, the fire had destroyed 60 acres of the surrounding
land.
Present-day
roads and highways in the region had not yet been built, and the remote
location of the logging operation meant that the loggers were forced to fight
the fire largely by themselves. Some 3,000 men, including loggers, local
farmers and volunteers and several hundred members of the Depression-era
Civilian Conservation Corps, battled with the fire over 10 days as it burned
through some 40,000 acres. On the night of August 24, strong east winds spread
the blaze over 240,000 more acres in only 20 hours, making it one of the fastest-growing
forest fires of the 20th century.
Though
its spread was eventually stopped by rain, the devastation caused by the blaze
primed the region for future forest fires. In 1939, another fire raged over
more than 200,000 acres of the Coast Range, including 19,000 acres of
previously untouched forest. In 1945, two fires burned 182,000 acres, and in
1951, another two fires consumed more than 32,000 more. All told, the fires of
the Tillamook Burn damaged or destroyed a combined total of 355,000 acres (554
square miles) of the country’s richest timberland.
In
the years after 1951, much of the land in the Coast Range began moving from
private to public ownership, as struggling landholders forfeited their property
to the government rather than pay property taxes on the damaged land. With the
land under state control, the legacy of the Tillamook Burn continued to shape
life in the region for decades to come, as the Oregon Department of Forestry
launched comprehensive fire-protection and reforestation programs, including
the planting millions of seedlings by hand and via helicopter.
On
this day in 2003, a major outage knocked out power across the eastern United
States and parts of Canada. Beginning at 4:10 p.m. ET, 21 power plants shut
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1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
While writing the project work. The researcher
encountered many problems. Among which is the negative attitude of individual
in the sense that people living in the area of the study feel reluctant to give
necessary information to help the written of the project, it also give out for
a long time to gather some relevant information due to level of education of
the people living in the environment.
Another problem encountered in the process of
writing this project, the financial constraint is also one of the problems that
affect the written of the research work. A time factor is also part of short
coming in build-up of the project.
1.3
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
The main purpose of the research study is to
investigate the causes of fire accident in ondo town of odo state, the research
went further to provide solutions and give effect to the fire accident on the
peoples lives and properties of the people of ondo town.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The
study was conducted majorly on the various causes of fire accident in ondo town
of ondo state in order to provide necessary measures of control of fire
outbreak in the community and also if the accident occur what are the steps to
be taking in order to minimize the possible damage it may cause to the loss of
lives and property of the people in study area of the community, the study
further recommend various means through which government can intervene and
assist in reducing the fire outbreak in ondo town of ondo state.
1.5
JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
Therefore,
the justification of this study can add to the existing body of the literature
and can serve as a starting point on which future studies can be built on the
effect change in people’s attitude towards the causes and effect of fire on
their lives on properties.
This study
will assist all stakeholders of the importance and relevance of measure steps
to be taking in curbing the causes of fire in ondo town.
The research
is also significant because it is a potential fulfillment for the award of ND
Environmental Technology. The study will pose challenges to other researchers
to carry out more research in related fields. It will also add to body
knowledge on the subject; since knowledge is a continuous process.
1.6 BROAD
OBJECTIVES
1.7 SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this research work is
assessing the CAUSES OF FIRE ACCIDENT IN ONDO TOWN OF ONDO STATE;
• To understand the major causes and effect of
fire accident on the environment of ondo town of ondo state.
• To assess the level of knowledge of people
of ondo state on how to handle their activities in order to prevent fire out
breach in the community.
• Create a high level of awareness about the
importance of fire control measures in their community.
1.5 RESARCH QUESTION
This aspect is designed and formulated
to further investigate on the topic.
1.
Does government contribute towards reduction in fire outbreak in ondo
town?
2. Is there any challenge faced by people after
experiencing fire outbreak and loss of lives and properties?
3. Does people contribute to fire
accident occurrence in ondo town?
4. What is the
level of awareness of people of ondo town about the causes and control of fire
accident?
5. Does children carelessness causes fire
accident in ondo town of ondo state?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research was carried out only in ondo town
of ondo state. As geographical coverage, the writer intended to have studied
more than that, but because of financial commitments of the writer and the
extra time that would be allotted in attempt to assess the causes of fire
accident alone hindered the researcher in going further or more than this. The
content of the study focuses on the major causes of fire accident in ondo state.
1.7
LIMITATIOS OF THE STUDY
The research study is limited to ondo town of
ondo state and also due to time factor and financial constrain in gathering
more information the research is strictly focused only on the subject matter of
the project.
1.8
DEFINATION OF TERMS
Definition of terms
CODE
one. To respond to an emergency call without the use of visual or audible
warning
devices (Clawson 1998).
Code three. To respond to an emergency call
with the use of visual and audible warning
devices (Clawson 1998).
FIRE APPARATUS. Any
apparatus within the fire department such as an ambulance, fire
engine, and fire truck (Richardson Fire
Department 1993).
PUBLIC RELATIONS. The perception of a company or entity based
on reputation or current
events (Kauffman 1989).
RESPONSE.
Answering a call for emergency
assistance (Clawson 1998).
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES. Procedures that guides a task, tactical
objective or
strategic decision (Richardson Fire Department
1993)
ACCIDENT. Any vehicle or apparatus that causes damage
to another property by wrecking
or damaging the apparatus (Clawson 1998).
CHAPTER TWO
Literature
Review
INTRODUCTION
Fires
are the accidents which occur most frequently, whose causes are the most
diverse and which require intervention methods and techniques adapted to the
conditions and needs of each incident.
Depending on the type of fire (nature of the material ablaze), meteorological conditions (wind) and the effectiveness of the intervention, material damage can be limited (a single car, building or production or storage warehouse installation), or affect wide areas (forest or agricultural fires, hydrocarbons, gas or other highly flammable products, storage or piping installations, harbour installations and rail or marine transport equipment). Explosions are in a different category.
Each type of fire is the object of specific technical prescriptions as regards prevention, intervention and the behaviour of the population affected. It is also relevant to note that many fires have a criminal origin and that in times of armed conflict or crisis as well as of indirect wars (sabotage) human intervention also provokes major accidents.
For practical reasons it is best to refer to technical documentation, which should be known or available to all security and fire-fighting services, and to national and regional disaster alarm and information canters.
This is especially the case for rescue and fire extinction on motorways, buildings designed to be used by a great number of people (hospitals, hotels, cinemas, high-rise buildings, department stores, etc...); fires affecting chimneys, attires, cotton (bales, loose, explosive dust), fodder (fermentation), fires in high warehouses, silos or underground garages as well as forest fires.
All these types of intervention are subject to special measures.
Depending on the type of fire (nature of the material ablaze), meteorological conditions (wind) and the effectiveness of the intervention, material damage can be limited (a single car, building or production or storage warehouse installation), or affect wide areas (forest or agricultural fires, hydrocarbons, gas or other highly flammable products, storage or piping installations, harbour installations and rail or marine transport equipment). Explosions are in a different category.
Each type of fire is the object of specific technical prescriptions as regards prevention, intervention and the behaviour of the population affected. It is also relevant to note that many fires have a criminal origin and that in times of armed conflict or crisis as well as of indirect wars (sabotage) human intervention also provokes major accidents.
For practical reasons it is best to refer to technical documentation, which should be known or available to all security and fire-fighting services, and to national and regional disaster alarm and information canters.
This is especially the case for rescue and fire extinction on motorways, buildings designed to be used by a great number of people (hospitals, hotels, cinemas, high-rise buildings, department stores, etc...); fires affecting chimneys, attires, cotton (bales, loose, explosive dust), fodder (fermentation), fires in high warehouses, silos or underground garages as well as forest fires.
All these types of intervention are subject to special measures.
THEORETICAL/CONCEPTION
LITERATURE OR CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK
Preventive
and protective measures
Fires
can spread more or less rapidly depending on their causes, the nature of the
material and goods alight, the fire prevention installations (automatic
sprinklers), meteorological conditions, the ways the population is informed and
the initiative it shows, as well as the speed and efficiency of the intervening
services and of their fire-fighting equipment.
In the light of experience, prevention is seen to be most important and consists of two distinct components. On the one hand, the primary responsibility falling upon the political authorities empowered to implement the legal prescriptions concerning fire protection, to forecast accidents and to inform the population, as well as to set up measures and means for fighting fires and Explosions. On the other hand, the responsible behaviour of each individual based upon an education geared towards caution and the respect of instructions in case of fire.
Defining, and controlling the implementation of, the particular rules of protection against fires, specific to each enterprise presenting a potential danger, including the training of security personnel, is also relevant in this context.
The many types of fire and the preventive and protective measures which relate to them, make it advisable to limit the present study to the specific measures falling to the political authorities in one area only, namely that of "forest fires". This type of fire is of particular interest to developing countries and the preventive measures to be applied have a general representative value, that is :
- organizing an observation service, prevention and alarm (security) service at local and regional levels;
- implementing legislation regulating the use of fire by all the population present in or at the edge of forests, and more particularly by owners and individuals exercising a professional activity in sensitive areas;
- planning and concrete preparation (periodic maintenance) for fire-fighting through adequate landscaping of the territory and appropriate forest cultivation limiting fire propagation (alternating vegetation, clearance, trimming), creating and maintaining access paths (extinction) and fire-break areas as well as fire-fighting equipment such as water supplies (conduits, cisterns), watch towers and meteorological posts, and the construction of helicopter landing pads;
- surveillance and detection of fires as soon as the danger of fires is forecast by the ad hoc meteorological service (which comprises automatic or mobile statistics posts observing the winds and the vegetation: dryness, force, direction, evolution);
- as soon as the danger of fire increases, activating an alarm plan (basic intervention plan) requiring the engagement of preventive intervention squads (firemen), and their wide positioning as near as possible to the threatened zones, and making available water bombers and specialized aerial machines ready for action;
- preparation and concretization (organization) of an intervention mechanism: this requires the setting up of specialized management programmes ensuring the coordination of powerful and efficient equipment and means for fighting forest fires (instruction);
- preparedness management and the coordination of the use of the means of intervention of the authorities and the information and alarm services for the population require a secure transmission network (radio network);
- planning the evacuation of the population possibly under threat in the various sensitive areas, particularly if there are risks of explosion (reservoirs and gas conduits explosives or ammunition dumps, hydrocarbon production, handling or transport installations, other dangerous material, etc.).
In the light of experience, prevention is seen to be most important and consists of two distinct components. On the one hand, the primary responsibility falling upon the political authorities empowered to implement the legal prescriptions concerning fire protection, to forecast accidents and to inform the population, as well as to set up measures and means for fighting fires and Explosions. On the other hand, the responsible behaviour of each individual based upon an education geared towards caution and the respect of instructions in case of fire.
Defining, and controlling the implementation of, the particular rules of protection against fires, specific to each enterprise presenting a potential danger, including the training of security personnel, is also relevant in this context.
The many types of fire and the preventive and protective measures which relate to them, make it advisable to limit the present study to the specific measures falling to the political authorities in one area only, namely that of "forest fires". This type of fire is of particular interest to developing countries and the preventive measures to be applied have a general representative value, that is :
- organizing an observation service, prevention and alarm (security) service at local and regional levels;
- implementing legislation regulating the use of fire by all the population present in or at the edge of forests, and more particularly by owners and individuals exercising a professional activity in sensitive areas;
- planning and concrete preparation (periodic maintenance) for fire-fighting through adequate landscaping of the territory and appropriate forest cultivation limiting fire propagation (alternating vegetation, clearance, trimming), creating and maintaining access paths (extinction) and fire-break areas as well as fire-fighting equipment such as water supplies (conduits, cisterns), watch towers and meteorological posts, and the construction of helicopter landing pads;
- surveillance and detection of fires as soon as the danger of fires is forecast by the ad hoc meteorological service (which comprises automatic or mobile statistics posts observing the winds and the vegetation: dryness, force, direction, evolution);
- as soon as the danger of fire increases, activating an alarm plan (basic intervention plan) requiring the engagement of preventive intervention squads (firemen), and their wide positioning as near as possible to the threatened zones, and making available water bombers and specialized aerial machines ready for action;
- preparation and concretization (organization) of an intervention mechanism: this requires the setting up of specialized management programmes ensuring the coordination of powerful and efficient equipment and means for fighting forest fires (instruction);
- preparedness management and the coordination of the use of the means of intervention of the authorities and the information and alarm services for the population require a secure transmission network (radio network);
- planning the evacuation of the population possibly under threat in the various sensitive areas, particularly if there are risks of explosion (reservoirs and gas conduits explosives or ammunition dumps, hydrocarbon production, handling or transport installations, other dangerous material, etc.).
Intervention and assistance measures
The
means of intervention brought into coordinated action at the local, regional or
cross-boundary level vary according to the seriousness of the incident. The
time factor and the quality of the intervention are of primary importance.
Fire-fighting requires that substantial means be available at the right time
and place and brought into action as quickly as possible. The chances of
success are greater when the fire has just broken out.
Generally, bringing into action the ways and means of fighting fires and explosions is the responsibility of the communal authorities that can calI on firemen (professionals or volunteers) reinforced by the civil or military means of intervention available. But clearly, mastering major fires and specific fires and managing particularly powerful explosions require the technical support of professionals and experts, especially in the case of toxic or radioactive fall-out. When these reinforcements are necessary, they must be made available at the regional or national level. If national means of intervention prove insufficient to ensure the safeguard of the population and the environment, the government of the country affected by the disaster should appeal for international emergency assistance.
With regard to "forest fires", the means of extinction are logically adapted to the technical possibilities of the States and sectors concerned. The old technique of "fire beating" is still often called upon; this requires numerous working hands, courage and a sense of civic duty, with little chance of success. In developed countries, extinction techniques increasingly make use of water, generally with chemical additives (retardants or foams). Intervention techniques must be adapted accordingly and call upon very competent personnel using mobile and fast equipment such as off-track vehicles, motorized pumps, tankers, water cannons, and aviation (water bombers, airplanes or helicopters of varied capacities).
The manpower is therefore made up of a minority of professional firemen (leaders) and a majority of volunteers. Bringing this force into action therefore involves an operational and strategic operation with an effective management structure having reliable means of command. The key to success lies in the coordination of the different protection and assistance measures and the cooperation of all of the means and services involved.
Because of the similarity in the damage caused by an explosion and an earthquake (direct and secondary effects) it seems relevant to apply the same principles of intervention and assistance to these two types of disasters, especially with regard to intervention tactics, the management structure and the disaster plan.
Generally, bringing into action the ways and means of fighting fires and explosions is the responsibility of the communal authorities that can calI on firemen (professionals or volunteers) reinforced by the civil or military means of intervention available. But clearly, mastering major fires and specific fires and managing particularly powerful explosions require the technical support of professionals and experts, especially in the case of toxic or radioactive fall-out. When these reinforcements are necessary, they must be made available at the regional or national level. If national means of intervention prove insufficient to ensure the safeguard of the population and the environment, the government of the country affected by the disaster should appeal for international emergency assistance.
With regard to "forest fires", the means of extinction are logically adapted to the technical possibilities of the States and sectors concerned. The old technique of "fire beating" is still often called upon; this requires numerous working hands, courage and a sense of civic duty, with little chance of success. In developed countries, extinction techniques increasingly make use of water, generally with chemical additives (retardants or foams). Intervention techniques must be adapted accordingly and call upon very competent personnel using mobile and fast equipment such as off-track vehicles, motorized pumps, tankers, water cannons, and aviation (water bombers, airplanes or helicopters of varied capacities).
The manpower is therefore made up of a minority of professional firemen (leaders) and a majority of volunteers. Bringing this force into action therefore involves an operational and strategic operation with an effective management structure having reliable means of command. The key to success lies in the coordination of the different protection and assistance measures and the cooperation of all of the means and services involved.
Because of the similarity in the damage caused by an explosion and an earthquake (direct and secondary effects) it seems relevant to apply the same principles of intervention and assistance to these two types of disasters, especially with regard to intervention tactics, the management structure and the disaster plan.
Instructions for the population
General precautions and safety measures
relating to a potential danger
-
keep matches and lighters out of the reach of children and teach them caution
around fires and inflammable objects;
- do not keep inflammable products (alcohol, petrol, gas containers, paper, cloth, dried vegetable matter, etc.) near any source of heat;
- know the instructions relating to fires, find out about protection measures, know the whereabouts of gas and electricity conduits and learn to use domestic fire-fighting equipment (extinguishers, fire reels and hoses, nozzles ,etc.);
- do not smoke, do not light fires, do not switch on electrical equipment or machinery likely to make sparks when handling, or pouring inflammable or toxic products (petrol, alcohol, gas, etc...), or if they are leaking;
- know the telephone numbers of the fire-fighting and civil protection services and of the police;
- respect instructions forbidding staying, lighting fires, or smoking in forests, plantations, agricultural installations, wooden houses, etc., during dry spells or violent winds;
- obey the ruIes, regulations and orders of the authorities, their control organs and the representatives of fire or police services;
- do not keep inflammable products (alcohol, petrol, gas containers, paper, cloth, dried vegetable matter, etc.) near any source of heat;
- know the instructions relating to fires, find out about protection measures, know the whereabouts of gas and electricity conduits and learn to use domestic fire-fighting equipment (extinguishers, fire reels and hoses, nozzles ,etc.);
- do not smoke, do not light fires, do not switch on electrical equipment or machinery likely to make sparks when handling, or pouring inflammable or toxic products (petrol, alcohol, gas, etc...), or if they are leaking;
- know the telephone numbers of the fire-fighting and civil protection services and of the police;
- respect instructions forbidding staying, lighting fires, or smoking in forests, plantations, agricultural installations, wooden houses, etc., during dry spells or violent winds;
- obey the ruIes, regulations and orders of the authorities, their control organs and the representatives of fire or police services;
Effect of
fire accident on the environment
lives
losses: The excessive heat during fire accidents will give different level
degree of burning, if the body gets more than 30% of burning wounds the
survival possibility will become very less. Generally Smokes are clouds of
small particles, bigger size particles are called dust which is also mixed in
the smoke This smoke will affect the vision, making a person to loss his sense
of direction, creating more discomfort, breathing will become difficult. It
will close all exits and the escape routes. The possibilities of escape from
the building will become impossible. The fumes and the toxic substances are
present in the fire zone are in the form of Narcotics and irritants. The narcotics
are carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, benzene, acetone, etc., high
concentration of these substances rendering an exposed person to unconscious.
At lower concentration these substance will affect the nervous and
cardiovascular system and reduce mental and motor function of an exposed
person, due to these physical and mental problems, the escape from building
become impossible. The irritants are hydrochloric acid or acrolein. It will
prevent escape by affecting the eyes and it is moving in upward direction and
damage lungs and causes the subsequent death of victims who have survived the immediate
exposure. These losses are un compensable and un bearable in life. Major lives
losses which are considered as pathetic and cruel accidents in India. Analyzing
factors are: Building plan set back, Floors accommodation, ventilation,
circulation, construction materials, Ignition, Fire feeding materials, Reasons
for fire spread, Reasons for lives losses, Failure aspects in terms of fire
safety requirements and other factors also. Approachability, number of floors,
number of doors, materials used for exterior finish, number of bed, number of
admitted patients, fire starting point, reason for high smoke, spread and
different accommodation Ignition of fire: The basement floor used as storage
area of diesel, motor oil and wooden furniture store room. Fire started here.
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 METHOLOGY
3.1 STUDY
DESIGN
The main purpose of this project is to carry
out a study on the causes of fire accident in ondo town of ondo state.
Data collection in any research is very
important aspect for the research to obtain adequate data collection for the
purpose and to collect reliable information about the topics the research was
made on.
3.2 STUDY
POPULATION
The population for this study comprises of
entire people of ondo town most especially the indigenes of the town.
3.3
DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
The sample used is sample random techniques,
people were chosen by sample random techniques The questionnaires produce is 40
copies, all the copies distributed to the people of ondo state.
Some were chose for interview by random
sampling and the community seen for observation.
3.4 SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
The reason for the sampling is because all the
people cannot be chosen for the study due to their population using random
sampling techniques.
The acts have equal chances of being chosen
for the study.
3.5
INSTRUMENT DESIGN
Different
instrument were used in collecting facts on this study, the following were the
instruments used.
ü Questionnaires
ü Interview
ü Observation
ü Oral interview were also conducted
3.6 METHOD
OF DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected through various researches
cannot do without coming across some difficulties, some of which are
highlighted as follows:
1)
Lack of co
operation on the part of some people
sample for the interview
2)
Lack of education
on the part of some of the people to
complete questionnaires
3)
The distance
covered which make the researcher spent more money than initially budgeted for.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 DATA
ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
The
researcher of this project has distributed 40 questionnaires to the people of ondo
town with the age range between 25-35
TABLE 1: SHOWING THE FREQUENCY OF AGE
DITRIBUTION OF THE RESPONDENTS
AGE GROUP {YEARS}
|
NUMBERSOFRESPONDENTS
|
PERCENTAGE
|
20 – 25
|
10
|
25%
|
25 – 34
|
25
|
62.5%
|
35 and above
|
5
|
12.5%
|
TOTAL
|
40
|
100%
|
Table
one above show the age distribution of the forty respondents selected among the
people bearing age 10{25%} respondents
were between the age of 20 and 24, while 25{62.5%}respondents representing the
total respondents were between the age of 25 – 34 years. The remaining 5{12.5%}
were also between the age of 35 years and above.
Bringing the total respondents to 100%.
TABLE 2: SHOWING THE MARITAL STATUS OF THE
RESPONDENTS IN OYUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KWARA STATE
MARITAL STATUS
|
NO: OF RESPONDENTS
|
PERCENTAGE
|
Married
|
30
|
75%
|
Separated
|
2
|
05%
|
Single
|
8
|
20%
|
Total
|
40
|
100%
|
Table two above shows that 30{75%} of the
respondents were still in their marital homes, while 2{5} are separated from
their marital homes. The remaining 8{20%} were single respectively.
TABLE: 3 Does government contribute
towards reduction in fire outbreak in ondo town?
OPTION
|
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
|
PERCENTAGE
|
YES
|
35
|
87.5%
|
NO
|
5
|
12.5%
|
TOTAL
|
40
|
100%
|
Table three shows that 35 respondents
representing {87.5} were in support that government contributes towards
reduction of fire outbreak, while
5{12.5} people were not in support. It means that most of the respondents were
of support.
TABLE 4: Is there any challenges faced by people after
experiencing fire outbreak and loss of lives and properties?
OPTION
|
NO: OF RESPONDENTS
|
PERCENTAGE
|
YES
|
30
|
75%
|
NO
|
5
|
12.5%
|
NO IDEA
|
5
|
12.5%
|
Total
|
40
|
100%
|
The table is reflecting that the respondents
30 representing {75.5} said Yes . 5 respondents {12.5%} said No while the
remaining 5 {12.5} of respondents replied no idea. This shows that fire
outbreak victims faced a lot of challenges.
TABLE 5: Does people contribute to
fire accident occurrence in ondo town?
OPTION
|
NO: OF RESPONDENTS
|
PERCENTAGE
|
YES
|
30
|
75%
|
NO
|
5
|
12.5%
|
NO IDEA
|
5
|
12.5%
|
Total
|
40
|
100%
|
Table five: The table shows that 30 respondents
representing [75%] responded Yes, 5 respondents representing [12.5%] responded
No while the other five respondents says no Idea. This implies that the
activities of people contributed to fire accident in ondo town.
TABLE 6: What is the level of awareness of people of
ondo town about the causes and control of fire accident?
RESPONSE
|
NO: OF RESPONDENTS
|
PERCENTAGE
|
GOOD
|
40
|
100%
|
POOR
|
0
|
0%
|
TOTAL
|
40
|
100%
|
The above table; show that all the respondents
said the level of awareness if good. This implies that most of the ondo people
are aware of the major causes of fire accident in the twon.
TABLE 7: Does
children carelessness causes fire accident in ondo town of ondo state?
OPTION
|
NO: OF RESPONDENTS
|
PERCENTAGE
|
YES
|
40
|
37.5%
|
NO
|
0
|
62.5%
|
TOTAL
|
0
|
100%
|
From the above table: it shows that all the
respondents accepted that children carelessness is also a cause of fire
accident in ondo town of ondo state.
5.0
DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the researcher attempted to
discuss about bone of the contention together with the findings gathered from
the administered questionnaires, personal interview and acute observation of
the targeted population in ondo town of ondo state.
Hence the
study attempts mainly and particularly to investigate the causes of fire
outbreak in ondo town ondo state
CONCLUSION
To avoid the fire accidents in the building
the passive way of safety design, life safety provisions and the active way of
fixing fire fighting appurtenances in the building cannot assure full safety.
Number of variables is responsible in the fire phenomenon of the buildings,
which are to be identified, assessed as fire hazard. Type of building, the
activities going inside of the building, culture, behaviour of the people,
maintenance of the building, application of good housekeeping , fire risk
management, security management, preparedness, awareness of fire, keeping away
the fire sources from the combustible materials, reduction or elimination of
combustible materials in side. Using fire retardant materials, Fire proof
coated materials or using of impregnated manufactured materials in side are few
fire safety parameters, if we adopt these parameters in the buildings, we can
avoid the fire accidents and assure the absolute safety of the buildings in
future.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Building plan and design oriented. Any
deficiency in the planning and the design will affect the architecture and the
construction value of the building during fire. It is not required any energy
activation. If the type of construction and the using construction materials
are proper, the building itself or by virtue of its design with construction
materials will react with the fire in such a that it will not allow to
spreading of fire and its other fire products of heat, smoke toxic substances
and fumes from the origination point to adjacent room or other floors or to the
other adjacent buildings. At the same time the building having the ability to
reduce the size or volume of the fire and its products. The basic elements are:
fire door, fire resistant wall, fire damper/ fire seals, compartmentation of
wall, means of exits, travel distance, self glowing exists and signage systems.
1. Accessibility and reach ability,
2. Containing
the fire spread and its products,
3. To
give insulation effects against the fire, heat penetration,
4. To provide sufficient number of means of
exits,
5. To enhance the integrity and stability of
the building,
6. To
provide protected means of escape
7. To maximize time of safety, actual time
require for evacuation
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