THE PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION
According
to camp and satter white [20002], there are four main purpose of communication
1. To
inquire
2. To
inform
3. To
persuade
4. To
develop good will.
TO
INQUIRE
This involve obtaining information in
various ways, for instance, by asking question or through formulating
questionnaires
TO INFORM
This entails the dissemination of
information using different channels of communication.
TO PERSUADE
This aims to influence people and bring
them round to your way of thinking.
TO
DEVELOP GOOD WILL
This involves maintaining our forming
cordial and harmonious relationships with people you are communicating.
COMMUNICATION: is
a purposeful activity of exchanging information and meaning across space and
time using whichever is available or preferred.
Communication requires a sender, a
message, a medium and a recipient, although the receiver does not have to be
present or aware of the senders intends to communicate at the time of
communication. Thus, communication can over across vast distances in time and
space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of
communicative commodonality.
The
communication process is complete once the receiver understands the senders
message. If the communication is seen in a wider sense not only interpreted as
an exchange of news and the message will be out as the activities of
individuals and groups in the exchange of data, fact and ideas communication in
any activities that perform these functions is essential for humans. As express
by Onong. U. Effendy in his book Science Communication Theory and practice of
quoting back the opinion of the M.C
bride etall, that the foundation of communication in every social system as
follows;
INFORMATION;
The collection, delivery, processing
dissemination of news, data, image facts, messages, opinions and comments are
needed so that people can understand and act clearly against international
condition, environment and in order to make the right decisions.
SOCIALLIZATION
The
provision of resources or knowledge that enables people to behave and act as an
effective member of the society for which he was aware of its social function
so that he can be active in community.
MOTIVATION
Explain
the goals of every society in short and long term encouraging people to make
their choice and desires, encourage individual and group activities based on
shared objectives to be pursued.
DEBATE AND DISCUSSION
To
provide and exchange the necessary facts to allowed the approval or resolve
differences of opinion on public issues, providing relevant evidence necessary
for public interest and to the community more involved in issues of joint
activities at international, nation and local.
EDUCATION
The
transfer of knowledge so as to encourage intellectual development, character
formation and education necessary skills and proficiency in all areas of life.
ADVANCING CULTURE
The
dissemination of the results of culture and art with the intention of
preserving the past heritage, cultural development by expanding ones horizons,
awaken the imagination and encourage creativity and aesthetic needs.
ENTERTAINMENT
Dissemination
of signals, symbols, sound and image of drama, dance, art, literature music,
comedy, sports, games, and so for recreation and leisure groups and
individuals.
INTEGRATION
Provides
for the nation, group and individuals the opportunity to get the message that
are needed so they can know each other and understand and appreciate the
conditions, the views and wishes of others.
From exposure to the above, the
functions of communication so much that can be simplified into four function
namely.
CONVEY
INFORMATION [to inform]
EDUCATE
[to educate]
ENTRETAINING
[to entertain]
AFFECT
[to influence]
According to Goran Hedero, a Swedish
physician communication in his book, communication and social change in
developing nation [1982] suggested that the functions and of communication are;
Creating
a climate change by introducing new values to change attitudes and behavior
towards modernization.
1. Teach
new skills
2. Acting
as multiplier of science
3. Improving
ones aspiration
4. Giving
participation in taking decision on matters concerning the interest of many people.
5. Helping
people find new values and harmony of a particular situation
6. Heightens
the sense of nationhood
7. Creating
energy efficiency and cost to the mobility of a person
8. Improving
one’s political activity
9. Changing
the structure of power within the society
By
a means to assist in the implementation of development programs, supporting the
economic, social and political in a nation [in cangara2007:63] besides haven
the function, the communication has a purpose. The goal in this case to convey
information and search information to the audience or target, in order to
convey what communicator is understandable, so that the communication being
waged reached. Besides the understanding, supports ideas and the act of opening
up communication and if it is necessary to know what the purpose of holding or
continuing communication.
THE CENTRAL PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION
The
central purpose of communication are stated by Wayne, in his book techniques
for effective communication stated that;
1. To
secure understanding, mainly ensuring that
communication is to understand a received messages
2. To establish acceptance, conduct training
3. To
motivate action, motivation purpose sebagimana communicator [in Effendy
2009:32]
IDENTIFY YOUR PURPOSE
In
addition to audience and context, every communication tasks your face as a
working engineer will have a purpose. Explicitly identifying and analyzing that
purpose will guide the decisions you make about your communication tasks.
HOW DO I IDENTIFY MY PURPOSE?
You
may have just one purpose for your communication task, but for some tasks, you
may be seeking to achieve several goals. Sometimes, your purpose will be
identified for you, other times you will need to identify it yourself.
In their book, writing today, Richard
Johnson – Sheehan and Charles paine argue that the basic purpose of
communication in the work place are to inform and persuade, most specially, the
authors breaks those purpose down as follows;
TO
INFORM TO
PERSUADE
to
describe to
convince
to
refine to
influence
to
notify to
argue
to
instruct to
change
to
review to
command
to
advice to
recommend
to
announce to
advocate
to
explain to
defend
to
demonstrate to
justify
to
illustrate to
support
HOW DO I ANALYZE THE PURPOSE
You’ll
likely reference your communication tasks
purpose when making decisions like what information to convey, and how
to convey that information.
Suppose
a new engineer has joint your team, your supervisor has asked you to instruct
her about internal procedures for
conducting project meetings so she can begin participating immediately[your
primary purpose]. You also want to advise her about the personalities involved
so she can understand how to work around their quirts [your secondary purpose].
With your purposes in mind, you can
decide how best to accomplish them. For instance, you can decide if a formal
presentation will be more appropriate and effective than an informal talk. You
can also think about the content you should include. Would brief bios of the
other team members help?
Would
she respond better to step by step instructors or an overview of procedures.
You will make many other decision
related to your communication tasks, use your defined purpose as well as the other elements of the communication
situation to inform all your decision.
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